在(zai)機加工中最(zui)常用的幾(ji)種銑刀你(ni)都(dou)知道嗎？

      首先(xian)呢，銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)為多齒回轉刀(dao)具，其每一個(ge)刀(dao)齒都相當于一把(ba)車刀(dao)固定在銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)的回轉面(mian)上。

      鎢(wu)鋼(gang)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀銑(xian)(xian)(xian)削時同時參加切(qie)削的切(qie)削刃較長(chang)，且(qie)無(wu)空行程(cheng)，所以生產率較高。銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀種類(lei)很多，其(qi)結構也不一，應(ying)用(yong)(yong)范圍很廣，按其(qi)用(yong)(yong)途可(ke)分(fen)為加工平面用(yong)(yong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀、加工溝槽用(yong)(yong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀、加工成形(xing)面用(yong)(yong)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)刀等三大類(lei)。

      通用(yong)(yong)規(gui)格的銑刀(dao)已標準化，一(yi)般均由專業(ye)工具(ju)廠生(sheng)產。現(xian)介紹幾種常用(yong)(yong)銑刀(dao)。

      第一種、立(li)銑刀

      立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)是(shi)數控機(ji)床(chuang)上用(yong)得最多的(de)一(yi)種銑(xian)刀(dao)，立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)的(de)圓(yuan)柱表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)和端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上都有切(qie)(qie)削刀(dao)，圓(yuan)柱面(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)切(qie)(qie)削刃是(shi)主(zhu)切(qie)(qie)削刃，端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)上分布(bu)著副切(qie)(qie)削刃，主(zhu)切(qie)(qie)削刃一(yi)般為螺旋(xuan)齒，這(zhe)樣可以增加(jia)切(qie)(qie)削平穩性，提高加(jia)工精度(du)。它們可同時(shi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行切(qie)(qie)削，也可單獨進(jin)(jin)(jin)行切(qie)(qie)削。但是(shi)由于普(pu)通立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)中心處無(wu)切(qie)(qie)削刃，所以立(li)(li)銑(xian)刀(dao)工作時(shi)不能作軸(zhou)向進(jin)(jin)(jin)給，端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)刃主(zhu)要用(yong)來(lai)加(jia)工與側(ce)面(mian)(mian)(mian)相垂直的(de)底平面(mian)(mian)(mian)。主(zhu)要用(yong)于平面(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)削、凹(ao)槽銑(xian)削、臺階面(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)削和仿形銑(xian)削。

       第二種(zhong)、三面(mian)刃銑刀

       三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)簡稱三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)：三(san)(san)個(ge)刃(ren)(ren)口均(jun)有(you)后(hou)角，刃(ren)(ren)口鋒利，切(qie)(qie)削(xue)輕快(kuai)。三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)，可分(fen)為直齒(chi)三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)和錯齒(chi)三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)。它主要用在臥式銑(xian)床(chuang)上(shang)加工臺階面(mian)(mian)和一(yi)端或二端貫穿的淺(qian)溝(gou)槽。三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)除圓周具有(you)主切(qie)(qie)削(xue)刃(ren)(ren)外，兩(liang)側面(mian)(mian)也有(you)副(fu)切(qie)(qie)削(xue)刃(ren)(ren)，從而改善了切(qie)(qie)削(xue)條件，提高了切(qie)(qie)削(xue)效率(lv)，減小了表面(mian)(mian)粗糙度(du)(du)值。但重磨后(hou)寬(kuan)度(du)(du)尺寸變化較大(da)，鑲齒(chi)三(san)(san)面(mian)(mian)刃(ren)(ren)銑(xian)刀(dao)可解決(jue)這一(yi)個(ge)問題。

       第三種、面銑刀

面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)與刀(dao)(dao)桿垂直的(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)和(he)外(wai)圓都(dou)有切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)刃(ren)(ren)，主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)于銑(xian)(xian)平面(mian)(mian)。外(wai)圓的(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)刃(ren)(ren)是主(zhu)(zhu)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)刃(ren)(ren)，端面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)刃(ren)(ren)起著和(he)刮刀(dao)(dao)一樣的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)與套式(shi)立銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)相(xiang)比，其刃(ren)(ren)部較(jiao)(jiao)短。面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)主(zhu)(zhu)要用(yong)在立式(shi)銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)或臥(wo)式(shi)銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)臺階(jie)面(mian)(mian)和(he)平面(mian)(mian)，特別(bie)適合較(jiao)(jiao)大平面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，主(zhu)(zhu)偏角(jiao)為90°的(de)(de)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)可(ke)(ke)銑(xian)(xian)底部較(jiao)(jiao)寬的(de)(de)臺階(jie)面(mian)(mian)。用(yong)面(mian)(mian)銑(xian)(xian)刀(dao)(dao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)平面(mian)(mian)，同時參加(jia)(jia)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)的(de)(de)刀(dao)(dao)齒(chi)較(jiao)(jiao)多，又有副切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)刃(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)修光作(zuo)用(yong)，使加(jia)(jia)工(gong)表面(mian)(mian)粗糙度值小，因此可(ke)(ke)以用(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削(xue)(xue)用(yong)量，生產率較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)，應用(yong)廣(guang)泛。

       第四種(zhong)、螺紋銑刀

       傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)螺紋(wen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)法主要為采用(yong)螺紋(wen)車(che)(che)刀(dao)車(che)(che)削(xue)螺紋(wen)或(huo)采用(yong)絲錐、板(ban)牙(ya)手工(gong)(gong)攻絲及套扣。隨著數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技術的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展，尤(you)其是三(san)軸聯動(dong)數(shu)(shu)控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)出現，使更先(xian)進的(de)(de)(de)螺紋(wen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)式——螺紋(wen)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)控銑削(xue)得以實現。螺紋(wen)銑削(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)與傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)螺紋(wen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)(fang)式相比， 在加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)效率方(fang)(fang)面具有極大優勢，且加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時不受螺紋(wen)結構和螺紋(wen)旋向的(de)(de)(de)限制，如(ru)一把螺紋(wen)銑刀(dao)可加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)多種(zhong)不同旋向的(de)(de)(de)內、外螺紋(wen)。對(dui)于不允許有過渡扣或(huo)退刀(dao)槽結構的(de)(de)(de)螺紋(wen)，采用(yong)傳(chuan)統(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)車(che)(che)削(xue)方(fang)(fang)法或(huo)絲錐、板(ban)牙(ya)很難加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，但采用(yong)數(shu)(shu)控銑削(xue)卻十分容易實現。

       此外，螺(luo)紋(wen)銑(xian)刀的(de)(de)耐用(yong)度是絲錐的(de)(de)十(shi)多(duo)倍甚至數(shu)(shu)十(shi)倍，而且在數(shu)(shu)控銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)螺(luo)紋(wen)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，對(dui)螺(luo)紋(wen)直徑尺(chi)寸的(de)(de)調整極為方便，這是采用(yong)絲錐、板牙難以做到的(de)(de)。由于(yu)螺(luo)紋(wen)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)加工的(de)(de)諸多(duo)優勢， 目前發(fa)達國家的(de)(de)大批量螺(luo)紋(wen)生(sheng)產已較廣泛地采用(yong)了銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)工藝。隨著中(zhong)(zhong)國數(shu)(shu)控機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)發(fa)展，也逐(zhu)步得到中(zhong)(zhong)國廣大客戶的(de)(de)接受和喜愛。螺(luo)紋(wen)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)借助數(shu)(shu)控加工中(zhong)(zhong)心機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)三軸聯(lian)動功能及G02或(huo)G03螺(luo)旋插補指令，完(wan)成螺(luo)紋(wen)銑(xian)削(xue)(xue)工作。

       螺紋(wen)銑刀，作為一種近年(nian)來快(kuai)速(su)發展的先進刀具，正越來越廣泛地被企業接(jie)受，并表現出卓越超凡(fan)的加(jia)(jia)工性能(neng)，成為企業降低螺紋(wen)加(jia)(jia)工成本，提高效率，解決螺紋(wen)加(jia)(jia)工難題(ti)的有力(li)武(wu)器。